Okay, I decided to throw my two cents worth into the Cross-Blog Iraq Debate offered by
The Truth Laid Bear and
Stand Down. Since I am pro-war I answered the questions for the pro-war bloggers (I had to specify that because that kind logic is unusual for me). You'll have to forgive the length. Anyway, here goes:
1. Attacking Iraq has been publicly called a "pre-emption" of a threat from Saddam Hussein's regime, whose sins include launching regional wars of aggression. Do you think there is a clear and reliable difference between pre-emptive and aggressive warfare, and if so, what is it?
As far as a set of objective criteria, which, say, the United Nations could use to evaluate each and every instance, I don’t think that is possible. The UN is populated by too many authoritarian regimes and non-functional democracies that are motivated by regional alliances and self-interest to objectively evaluate any action. Remember, Hitler explained his attack on Poland as a response to a Polish attack, an assertion that was supported by his then-allies.
In addition, pre-emption is often best evaluated in a historical context. No rational person today could argue that it would have been unjustified for France or England to have initiated action against Germany before Hitler invaded Poland. Yet Nazi Germany may not have even met my criteria for justified pre-emption until it invaded Poland. Nevertheless, I believe that there are certain objective standards that can be applied to distinguish justified pre-emption from aggression.
Pre-emption is justified when the threat is from a country which
Has demonstrated, by word or deed or both, hostile intentions against the potential pre-emptor or allies the pre-emptor has agreed to protect,
Has exhibited a history of acting on its hostile intentions by initiating aggressive wars and/or has taken measures such as massing troops and materiel that preface an aggressive action, or supports non-state actors willing to carry out aggressive actions,
Has the means to act on its hostile intentions by conventional weapons or the possession or development of unconventional weapons and the means to deliver them by either its own technology or connections to proxy nations and/or non-state actors willing to carry out such aggressive actions for it.
Pre-emption is never legitimate when undertaken by an authoritarian regime or non-functional democracy against a functional democracy.
Note: I make a distinction between functional and non-functional democracies because merely holding or having held elections does not qualify a nation as a democracy. A functional democracy is one that not only has elections but also respects the rule of law and honors basic human rights, as well as the rights to freedom of speech and press and political rights of its people. For example, despite having held recent elections, Mugabe’s Zimbabwe, Hussein's Iraq, and Chavez’s Venezuela are non-functional democracies.
2. What do you feel are the prospects that an invasion of Iraq will succeed in a) maintaining it as a stable entity and b) in turning it into a democracy? Are there any precedents in the past 50 years that influence your answer?
a) Stability, in and of itself, is not a legitimate goal of foreign policy. It is the quest for stability that led us to support oppressive authoritarian regimes in the Middle East who have fostered hatred against Israel and the United States to divert attention from their own failed governments and have covertly aided terrorists intent on destroying Western civilization. However, the government that emerges in Iraq, though maybe not as stable as to have the same ruler for decades, will certainly permit more political, economic, and social freedom for its people and be less of a threat to the rest of the world.
b) The chances of turning Iraq into a democracy are even greater than were the chances of doing the same in Japan after WWII. Although Iraq does not have a tradition of democracy, neither did pre-bellum Japan. Or Germany, for that matter. Before the Ba’athist coup that led to Saddam’s takeover, Iraq had a relatively vibrant economy and emerging middle class, despite the absence of a functional democracy. This, combined with assistance and commitment from Western democracies and exiled leaders, leads me to conclude that the chances of democracy emerging in Iraq are quite good. The lack of recent examples is less a reflection of the difficulty of the endeavor than of strategic goals that did not stress spreading democracy but, rather, countering the spread of Communism and/or fostering and enforcing stability.
3. How successful do you think the military operations and "regime change" in Afghanistan have been in achieving their stated objectives? Does this example affect your feelings about war in Iraq in any way?
Extremely successful. We removed the Taliban and its intertwined partner al Qaeda from control of the government. We are in the process of assisting the Afghans in establishing a government that respects the rule of law and rights of all of its citizens and promotes political, social, and economic freedom. There is still much to be done but it is absurd to think that in a mere fourteen months we could have turned a nation that had been decimated by a quarter century of warfare, ethnic and factional strife, corruption, and murderous theocratic totalitarianism (and the poverty resulting from these) into a functional democracy. One would do well to remember that it took several years before either Germany or Japan was fully democratized.
What has been achieved in Afghanistan gives me great optimism for Iraq. Its natural resource wealth will make establishing the necessary infrastructure much easier than it was in Afghanistan, Germany, or Japan. Regardless of what happens or happened in Afghanistan, however, I believe that the only successful conclusion to the war on terror involves the establishment of democratic systems that respect the rule of law and human rights in all of the terrorist-sponsoring states of the Middle East and elsewhere.
4. As a basis for war, the Bush Administration accuses Iraq of trying to acquire weapons of mass destruction (chemical, biological, nuclear), supporting terrorism, and brutalizing their own people. Since Iraq is not the only country engaged in these actions, under what circumstances should the US go to war with other such nations, in addition to going to war with Iraq?
As stated in my answer to the previous question, “that the only successful conclusion to the war on terror involves the establishment of democratic systems that respect the rule of law and human rights in all of the terrorist-sponsoring states of the Middle East and elsewhere.” It is my view that ridding the world of Saddam Hussein’s regime in Iraq may be sufficient to convince other terrorist sponsors of the need to reform themselves. However, if this is not done, if we or our allies continue to suffer terrorist attacks, I believe the only effective means of eliminating terrorism is to force reform or regime change within terrorist-sponsoring states by whatever means necessary, including military force.
5. The Bush Administration has issued numerous allegations about the threat represented by Iraq, many of which have been criticized in some quarters as hearsay, speculation or misstatements. Which of the Administration's allegations do you feel stand up best to those criticisms?
The oppression of his people, his flouting of UN Security Council resolutions, and his refusal to disarm (required by the resolutions). Although not all of their claims of torture and oppression may be completely factual, there is enough evidence from various sources both outside and within Iraq to prove that his regime employs brutal methods of torture to stifle dissent and maintain his grasp on absolute power. As an example, no less a source than former-weapons-inspector-turned-Saddam-apologist Scott Ritter has spoken of children’s prisons and alluded to the inhuman conditions therein.
In the 90’s, the UN Security Council passed sixteen (16) resolutions requiring various actions by Saddam Hussein’s Iraq. Saddam violated these sixteen resolutions, a fact re-iterated in another resolution passed in November 2002. This resolution also allowed him one final opportunity to come into compliance. The heads of the two UN weapons inspection teams revealed that he has not complied with this latest resolution. Thus, at this point, Iraq under Saddam Hussein has violated seventeen (17) UNSC resolutions and shows no intention of complying with these or any other resolutions.
There can be no question that Saddam has not disarmed himself of weapons of mass destruction. When the UN inspectors left in 1998, it was well known that they left him in possession of amounts of certain toxic substances that were intended for use in chemical or biological weapons. In his most recent weapons declaration, these substances are unaccounted for. There are only two logical conclusions that can be drawn: 1) He remains in possession of these substances, or 2) He has given or sold them to another entity or entities. In other words, he either possesses banned weapons or is a proliferator of them. Each of these scenarios would constitute a serious breach of UN resolutions.